220-Gallon Low-Tech Dutch Aquascape (Beginner)
A 220-gallon Dutch aquascape — no rock, no wood, and all of the structure carried by terraced rows of contrasting plants. It is a large display tank, wide enough that the layout has to work across the whole span. No CO2 and no dosing regime — slower to fill in, far more forgiving, and cheaper to run. 9 plant species, and 7 livestock groups checked against each other for compatibility — every quantity below sized to 220 gallons and every plant chosen for a beginner.
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Everything below is generated for this 220-gallon Dutch build — 9 plants, 7 livestock groups, and gear sized to 220 gallons. The studio does the same for your tank, free.
Layout — a Dutch tank has no hardscape
The Dutch convention worth borrowing is the street: a diagonal open lane running from the front glass back into the planting, which gives the tank depth without a single rock. Keep groups to odd numbers and never repeat the same species on both sides.Substrate
Aqua soil or capped organic base, capped with fine natural gravel/sand cap, built to about 2.5–3.5" and sloped higher at the back. A nutrient base keeps low-tech plants fed; cap with fine gravel. Slope higher at the back.
A capped nutrient base is the engine of a low-tech tank, so the one rule is to leave it alone. Vacuum the cap, never the layer beneath it — driving a siphon down into the base releases everything it has been quietly storing and can gas a tank in an afternoon.
Echinodorus 'Vesuvius', Spade-leaf Sword, Melon Sword and Echinodorus 'Ozelot' are root feeders rather than water-column feeders, so they want depth and a root tab more than they want dosing. Give that part of the bed the extra depth.
At 220 gallons the substrate is a real purchase, not an afterthought — budget for it early and buy it all at once, because a bed topped up later with a different bag rarely matches.
Plant list & placement
Plant back to front, into damp substrate with the tank only part-filled — it is far easier than fighting buoyancy in a full tank. Temple Plant is the tallest thing in this plan at around 20", so it sets your back row and everything else steps down in front of it.
Spade-leaf Sword is the fast grower here — large vigorous Amazon sword relative. Heart-shaped leaves. Very fast growing — will dominate small tanks. Produces daughter plants on long runners. Easy and tough. Expect to be cutting it every two or three weeks once it establishes. Top the stems, replant the healthy tops in the same group and discard the old bases; a stem bed replanted from tops stays dense, while one left to grow on goes bare at the bottom.
Group the stems rather than spacing them out. Echinodorus 'Ozelot', Temple Plant and Bacopa caroliniana each want to be planted as a block of stems an inch or so apart, cut to slightly different heights so the group fills in with a rounded top instead of a flat hedge.
Every plant here is a hardy, forgiving species. None of them need CO2 to survive, and all of them recover from being neglected for a fortnight — which is the right way to start, because the tank should be teaching you the routine rather than punishing you for missing it.
Stocking
This stocking is built to spread through the tank rather than crowd one layer: Ember Tetra and Neon Tetra share the open middle water, Honey Gourami works the surface and Julii Cory works the floor. A tank where every fish occupies the same band looks half-empty even when it is fully stocked, and the fish themselves compete more.
Keep Ember Tetra in 8 or more, Julii Cory in 6 or more and Neon Tetra in 6 or more. These are not decorative numbers — a shoaling fish kept in threes spends its life stressed, colours down and hides, and people then conclude the species is dull. The counts in the list above are already scaled to this tank.
Honey Gourami is the centrepiece. Gentle, smaller and far more peaceful than dwarf gourami; great centerpiece.
Blue Mystery Snail, Mystery Snail and Gold Mystery Snail are the clean-up crew, and in a planted tank they earn their place — grazing biofilm and soft algae off the hardscape and leaves faster than you can. Add them last, once the tank has some algae to eat, and drip-acclimatise rather than dumping the bag in.
- Ember Tetra — Keep Ember Tetra in a group of at least 8 — kept in ones or twos they get stressed, shy, and nippy.
- Honey Gourami — Honey Gourami is territorial/solitary — best kept as a single specimen.
- Julii Cory — Keep Julii Cory in a group of at least 6 — kept in ones or twos they get stressed, shy, and nippy.
- Neon Tetra — Keep Neon Tetra in a group of at least 6 — kept in ones or twos they get stressed, shy, and nippy.
The largest fish here is roughly 2.5× the length of the smallest, which is the point at which size alone starts to matter — that gap was checked against mouth size and feeding behaviour, not just temperament. Every pairing was run through Skapelab’s compatibility engine and anything returning even a caution was swapped out rather than published. Check any substitution you make there before you buy.
Equipment
| Category | Recommendation | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Filtration | Fluval FX6 High Performance Canister | ~$285–365 |
| Substrate | Seachem Flourish Tabs 10 pack | ~$6–12 |
What the first two months look like
| Week 1 | Substrate contoured, rows planted, filled and running with no livestock — nothing to place first here, so the planting IS the layout and it is worth taking time over. Start the photoperiod short — six hours is plenty — because the plants are not yet growing fast enough to use more, and the surplus goes to algae. |
| Weeks 2–4 | Cycling, and the ugly phase. Brown diatom dust on the glass and hardscape is normal in a new tank and passes on its own once silicates are used up. Some plants will melt back and regrow in their submersed form — that is conversion, not death, so trim the mush and leave the roots. Do not stock until ammonia and nitrite both read zero. |
| Weeks 4–6 | Stocking begins, a few animals at a time with a fortnight and a water test between additions. First topping of the stem groups — cut, replant the tops, and the rows begin to read as rows. |
| Months 2–3 | The scape fills in and the routine settles into the schedule below. On a tank this size, get the maintenance rhythm fixed now — a large tank is very stable until it is not, and by then it is a large problem. |
Care schedule
| Daily | Feed lightly — as much as they clear in a minute or two — and take ten seconds to count heads and look at the plants. |
| Weekly | 27% water change — about 59 gallons — using a tap-fed water changer — at this volume buckets stop being realistic. Wipe the glass, vacuum the open substrate only, and dose a light all-in-one fertiliser. Trimming is occasional rather than weekly at this growth rate. |
| Monthly | Rinse filter media in old tank water — never under the tap, which kills the bacteria colony you spent six weeks growing. Test KH, GH, pH and nitrate. On a tank this size also check the seals and the stand for damp, because a slow leak here is a floor problem, not a tank problem. |
| Every few months | Thin the slow growers back hard once or twice a year, divide anything that has outgrown its spot, and top up root tabs around the heavy feeders. |
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